Notes

1. . Arthur Koestler, The Age of Longing (New York: Macmillan Co., 1951), p. 137.
2. . Arthur Koestler, The Trail of the Dinosaur, and Other Essays (New York: Macmillan Co., 1955), pp. 242–43.
3. . Ibid., pp. 250–51.
4. . Arthur Koestler, Beyond Reductionism: New Perspectives in the Life Sciences, ed. with J. K. Smythies (Boston: Beacon Press, 1969).
5. . Trail of the Dinosaur, p. 250.
6. . Ibid., pp. 252–53.
7. . Ibid., pp. 252, viii.
8. . Arthur Koestler, Scum of the Earth (New York: Macmillan Co., 1949), pp. 222–23.
9. . Arthur Koestler, Insight and Outlook: An Inquiry into the Common Foundations of Science, Art, and Social Ethics (New York: Macmillan Co., 1949), p. viii.
10. . Arthur Koestler, Insight and Outlook: An Inquiry into the Common Foundations of Science, Art, and Social Ethics (New York: Macmillan Co., 1949), p. viii.
11. . Arthur Koestler, Insight and Outlook: An Inquiry into the Common Foundations of Science, Art, and Social Ethics (New York: Macmillan Co., 1949), p. viii.
12. . Arthur Koestler, Insight and Outlook: An Inquiry into the Common Foundations of Science, Art, and Social Ethics (New York: Macmillan Co., 1949), p. viii.
13. . Arthur Koestler, Insight and Outlook: An Inquiry into the Common Foundations of Science, Art, and Social Ethics (New York: Macmillan Co., 1949), p. vii.
14. . Trail of the Dinosaur, p. 250.
15. . Insight and Outlook, p. ix. The phrase “convergence and ultimate coalescence” is quoted from K. S. Lashley. Koestler is a master “quotesman.” In Koestler's The Ghost in the Machine (New York: Macmillan Co. 1967), p. 267, Lashley gives way to Freud: “I have no inclination to keep the domain of the psychological floating as it were in the air, without any organic foundation…. Let the biologists go as far as they can and let us go as far as we can. Some day the two will meet.” Koestler's continuation of Freud's program may make him a disciple to some extent, but the importance of his integration of creativity into human psychology cannot be overemphasized. Philip Rieff and others have singled out aspiration as perhaps the single greatest descriptive omission in Freudian psychology (cf. Philip Kieff, Freud: The Mind of the Moralist [New York: Doubleday & Co., 1961]). The psychology of play (cf. Don S. Browning, Generative Man [Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1973]) has made good the omission to some extent but more often with a bias toward child psychology. Koestler's own favorite example of play is erotic foreplay, a gratuitous action which does not tend toward equilibrium.
16. . Insight and Outlook, p. 234.
17. . Arthur Koestler, The Act of Creation (New York: Macmillan Co., 1964).
18. . Arthur Koestler, The Sleepwalkers: A History of Man's Changing Vision of the Universe (New York: Macmillan Co., 1959); The Lotus and the Robot (New York: Harper & Row, Colophon Edition, 1960).
19. . Insight and Outlook, p. 234.
20. . Insight and Outlook, p. 330. The passage is a quotation from L. L. Whyte's The Next Development in Man (New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1948).
21. . Sleepwalkers, p. 245.
22. . Sleepwalkers, p. 389.
23. . Sleepwalkers, pp. 426, 522–23.
24. . Sleepwalkers, pp. 352–53.
25. . Sleepwalkers, p. 470. The epithets used against Capra are quoted (in the singular, of course) on p. 362 of Sleepwalkers.
26. . Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientifi Revolutions (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962).
27. . Act of Creation, p. 224.
28. . Sleepwalkers, pp. 527–28.
29. . Arthur Koestler, The Yogi and the Commissar (New York: Macmillan Co., 1946), passim; Insight and Outlook, pp. 216–20.
30. . Lotus and the Robot, p. 162.
31. . Lotus and the Robot, pp. 130–31.
32. . Lotus and the Robot, p.85.
33. . Lotus and the Robot, p.275.
34. . Lotus and the Robot, p.214.
35. . Lotus and the Robot, p.207.
36. . Lotus and the Robot, p.201–3.
37. . Lotus and the Robot, p.201.
38. . Lotus and the Robot, p.200.
39. . Lotus and the Robot, p.12.
40. . Sleepwalkers, p. 262.
41. . Lotus and the Robot, pp. 283–84. Koestler's appropriation of the Judaeo‐Christian religious tradition, in which previously he had taken so cursory an interest, seems to match in its peremptory quality his rejection of the spirituality of the East. Despite the brilliance of his remarks, particularly on Japan, one suspects an a priori decision to limit the arena of his reflection to Europe. Given the immensity of what he already proposed to undertake, such a decision would have been eminently reasonable. And yet he seems to have felt the need to clothe it in gratuitous a posteriori clothing, as if to present the East as an option fully tried and found definitively wanting. Arguing against the view, however, is a letter from C. G. Jung to Koestler in which the psychologist, better versed in oriental religions than Koestler, praises and endorses the conclusions of Lotus and the Robot. The letter appears in a German edition of Lotus and the Robot, unavailable as this retrospective goes to press.
42. . As quoted in Beyond Reductionism, p. 419.
43. . Act of Creation, p. 258.
44. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 3.
45. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 15.
46. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 17.
47. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 17.
48. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 41.
49. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 42.
50. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 47.
51. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 48.
52. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 56.
53. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 70.
54. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 83.
55. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 94.
56. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 97.
57. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 126.
58. . Cf. n. 49 above.
59. . Cf. n. 44 above.
60. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 145.
61. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 147.
62. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 1–52. The phrases in single quotation marks are from G. G. Simpson.
63. . Ghost in the Machine
64. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 177.
65. . Ghost in the Machine, pp. 177, 179.
66. . Cf. Act of Creation, bk. 1, chap. 20 and bk. 2, chap. 4
67. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 183.
68. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 193.
69. . Ghost in the Machine, pp. 195–96.
70. . Ghost in the Machine, pp. 220–21. The phrase Tractatus Logico Hierarchicus is used in Beyond Reductionism, p. 192.
71. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 198.
72. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 220.
73. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 211.
74. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 266.
75. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 324.
76. . Ghost in the Machine
77. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 336.
78. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 337.
79. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 338.
80. . Arthur Koestler, The Call of the Midwife Toad (New York: Random House, 1972).
81. . Arthur Koestler, The Call Girls: A Tragi‐Comedy (New York: Random House, 1972).
82. . Arthur Koestler, The Call Girls: A Tragi‐Comedy (New York: Random House, 1972), p. 167.
83. . Ghost in the Machine, p. 219. See also the postscript below.
84. . Arthur Koestler, The Roots of Coincidence: An Excursion into Parascychology (New York: Random House, 1972).