Notes

  1. . Hans Reichenbach, The Rise of Scientific Philosophy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951).
  2. . The phrase is G. F. Woods's; see his Theological Explanation (Welwyn, Hertfordshire: James Nisbet & Co., 1958).
  3. . Carl G. Hempel, Aspects of Scientific Explanation (New York: Crowell Collier & Macmillan, 1965).
  4. . Woods appears to have taken it as such: “The acid test of any explanation is whether it explains…. [If] a steady scrutiny of a proffered explanation shows that matters remain obscure, we cannot escape from the obscurity by calling what is offered an ‘explanation” of the problem” (p. 38). This lack of interest in nonpsychological criteria characterizes his book. Although a serious flaw, it nevertheless does draw attention to the oversight of the importance of the psychological element in explanation.
  5. . Michael Scriven, “Explanations, Predictions and Laws,” in Readings in the Philosophy of Science, ed. B. A. Brody (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice‐Hall, Inc., 1970). The deductive model seems to imply a symmetry of explanation and prediction, as is particularly clear in R., B. Braithwaite, Scientific Explanation (New York: Harper & Bros., 1953), pp. 335, 337. Such a thesis is clearly undermined, I think, by the analyses offered by Stephen Toulmin, Foresight and Understanding (New York: Harper & Row, 1961), pp. 38, 60, and by N. R. Hanson, “On the Symmetry between Explanation and Prediction,” Philosophical Review 68 (1959): 349–58.
  6. . Scriven, p. 97.
  7. . Scriven, p. 99. Indeed, according to Scriven, not even Hempel's own paradigm of a good, physical science explanation (n. 3 above, p. 246) truly fits the deductive‐nomological pattern.
  8. . Scriven, p. 90.
  9. . Reichenbach (n. 1 above), p. 9.
  10. . See Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Letters and Papers from Prison (London: William Collins Sons & Co., 1967), pp. 1034.
  11. . Braithwaite (n. 5 above), p. 347.
  12. . Ian Ramsey, Religion and Science: Conflict and Synthesis (London: S.P.C.K., 1964), p. 79.
  13. . See, e.g., A. Flew, God and Philosophy (New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1969), p. 194, and P. J.McGrath, “Professor Flew and the Stratonician Presumption,” Philosophical Studies  18 (1969): 150–59.
  14. . As quoted in The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Paul Edwards, 8 vols. (New York: Macmillan Co., 1967), 8:299.
  15. . John Baillie, The Sense of the Presence of God (London: Oxford University Press, 1962), pp. 52–53.
  16. . John Baillie, The Sense of the Presence of God (London: Oxford University Press, 1962), p. 100.
  17. . John Baillie, The Sense of the Presence of God (London: Oxford University Press, 1962), p. 8.
  18. . C. B. Martin, “A Religious Way of Knowing,” in New Essays in Philosophical Theology, ed. A. G. Flew and A. MacIntyre (New York: Macmillan Co., 1955).
  19. . C. J. Ducasse, A Philosophical Scrutiny of Religion (New York: Ronald Press, 1953), p. 148.
  20. . See D. M. MacKay, “Christianity in a Mechanistic Universe,” in Christianity in a Mechanistic Universe and Other Essays (London: Inter‐Varsity Fellowship, 1965), and “‘Complementarity”; in Scientific and Theological Thinking,” Zygon 9 (1974): 225–44.
  21. . John Baillie, Our Knowledge of God (London: Oxford University Press, 1939).
  22. . This thesis has seen some significant disagreement, however; see P. T.Mora, “Urge and Molecular Biology,” Nature  199 (1963): 212–19.
  23. . James Richmond, Theology and Metaphysics (London: SCM Press, 1970), p. 108.
  24. . James Richmond, Theology and Metaphysics (London: SCM Press, 1970), p. 2.
  25. . Edwards, (n. 14 above), p. 301.
  26. . Edwards, (n. 14 above); M. Heidegger is quite right, therefore, in claiming that Christians cannot ask the question he himself considers the fundamental philosophical question, namely, “Why is there anything at all rather than nothing?” (Introduction to Metaphysics [New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1959], pp. 6–8). But what sense that question makes is altogether another matter.
  27. . R. S. Heimbeck, Theology and Meaning: A Critique of Metatheological Scepticism (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1969], p. 53.
  28. . Richmond (n. 23 above), pp. 130–31.
  29. . Richmond (n. 23 above), p. 133.