Notes

  1. . Salomon Reinach, Orpheus: A History of Religions, trans. Florence Simmonds (London: George Routledge & Sons, 1931), p. 3 (in the book quotation is italicized).
  2. . Robert Thouless, An Introduction to the Psychology of Religion (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971), p. 11.
  3. . James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, abridged ed. (New York: Macmillan Co., 1923), p. 50.
  4. . Julian Huxley, Religion without Revelation (New York: Harper & Bros., 1957), p. 92.
  5. . C. H. Waddington, The Strategy of the Genes (London: Allen & Unwin, 1967).
  6. . See my column, “Towards a Unified Science,” in Ecologist.
  7. . Norman H.Horowitz, “The Gene,” Scientific American  195 (October 1956): 85–86.
  8. . K. J. W. Craik, The Nature of Explanation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1952).
  9. . Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges, The Ancient City: A Study on the Religion, Laws, and Institutions of Greece and Rome, trans. Willard Small (Boston: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard, 1901), p. 221.
  10. . W. Robertson Smith, Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (London: Adam & Charles Black, 1914), pp. 29–30.
  11. . A. R. Radcliffe‐Brown, Structure arid Function in Primitive Society (London: Cohen & West, 1952), chap. 3.
  12. . J. S. Furnivall, Netherlands India: A Study of Plural Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1939).
  13. . Lafcadio Hearn, Japan: An Attempt at Interpretation (New York: Macmillan Co., 1904), p. 38.
  14. . Edward Tyler, Primitive Culture (London: John Murray, 1903), p. 113.
  15. . Hearn, p. 37.
  16. . Adolphe Lods, Israel from Its Beginnings to the Middle of the Eighth Century, trans. S. H. Hooke (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1932), p. 476.
  17. . Hearn, pp. 27–28.
  18. . Francis Hsu, Under the Ancestors Shadow (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1959), pp. 241–42.
  19. . Harold E. Driver, Indians of North America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961), p. 515.
  20. . Abram Kardiner et al., The Psychological Frontiers of Society (New York: Columbia University Press, 1945), pp. 166–67.
  21. . William J. Goode, Religion among the Primitives (Glencoe, 111.: Free Press, 1951), p. 64.
  22. . Hilda Kuper, The Swazi: A South African Kingdom (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963), p. 58.
  23. . Goode, p. 56.
  24. . Smith (n. 10 above), pp. 73–74.
  25. . T. Cullen Young, “The Idea of God in Northern Nyasaland,” in African Ideas of God: A Symposium, ed. Edwin W. Smith (London: Edinburgh House Press, 1950), p. 46.
  26. . Ibid., p. 38.
  27. . Smith (n. 10 above), p. 74.
  28. . émile Durkheim and Marcel Mauss, Primitive Classification, trans. Rodney Needham (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963), pp. 43–44 (in the book the quote “this division…” is italicized).
  29. . Radcliffe‐Brown, (n. 11 above), p. 129.
  30. . See my “The Stable Society: Can We Achieve It?” Ecologist (December 1970), pp. 8–11.
  31. . Karl Polanyi, “Societies and Economic Systems,” in Primitive, Archaic, and Modern Economies: Essays of Karl Polanyi, ed. George Dalton (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., Anchor Books, 1968), p. 7.
  32. . Ralph Linton, The Study of Man (London: Peter Owen, 1965), p. 196.
  33. . Lods (n. 16 above), p. 250.
  34. . As quoted by Edwin W. Smith in his “The Whole Subject in Perspective: An Introductory Survey,” in Smith (n. 25 above), p. 21.
  35. . Placide Tempels, La Philosophic Bantoue, trans, (from the Dutch) A. Rubbens (Paris: Editions Africaines, 1949), p. 33 (English translation of quoted passage is mine).
  36. . Paul Schebesta, Les Pygmeés (Paris: Gallimard, 1940), p. 64 (quoted passage is my translation).
  37. . Kardiner et al. (n. 20 above), pp. 87–88.
  38. . Ibid., pp. 63–68.
  39. . Ibid., p. 65.
  40. . Frazer (n. 3 above), pp. 264–83.
  41. . Mason Hammond, City‐State and World State in Greek and Roman Political Theory until Augustus (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1951), p. 47.
  42. . Ibid.
  43. . Smith (n. 10 above), pp. 80–81.
  44. . E. A. Wallis Budge, A History of Egypt from the End of the Neolithic Period to the Death of Cleopatra VII. K.C. 30, 4 vols. (1902; reprint ed., Oosterhout N.B., Netherlands: Anthropological Publications, 1968).
  45. . Ibid.
  46. . Jomo Kenyatta, Facing Mount Kenya: The Tribal Life of the Gikuyu (London: Seeker & Warburg, 1938), p. 233.
  47. . Erich Fromm, The Art of Loving (London: Unwin Books, 1957).
  48. . Charles Darwin, The Origin of species (1859), chap. 4.
  49. . I am grateful to the writings of Ralph Wendell Burhoe, particularly his “Natural Selection and God” (Zygon 7 [1972]: 30–63), for stimulating my thinking expressed in the last two sections of this paper. I have sometimes not much more than paraphrased elements of his writings.