Notes

  1. . Doctrine of the Mean 22, in A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy, trans, and comp. Wing‐tsit Chan (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1963), p. 108. Most of the passages quoted here can be found in this book. Other recommended translations are The Analects of Confucius, trans. Arthur Waley (London: Allen & Unwin, 1938); Mencius, trans. D. C. Lau (London: Penguin, 1970); The I Ching, or Book of Changes, trans. Richard Wilhelm and Cary F. Baynes, 3d ed. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1967).
  2. . Mencius 6A. 7.
  3. . Ibid. 2A. 6.
  4. . Ibid. 7B. 24.
  5. . Ibid. 7B. 35.
  6. . Ibid. 7A. 21.
  7. . Great Treatise 1.5.3; 7.2.
  8. . Reflections on Things at Hand, comp. Chu Hsi and Lu Tsu‐ch'ien and trans. Wing‐tsit Chan (New York: Columbia University Press, 1967), p. xvii.
  9. . Ibid., sec. 1.7; Source Book (n. 1 above), p. 612.
  10. . A.C. Graham, Two Chinese Philosophers: Ch'eng Ming‐tao and Ch'eng Yi‐chuan (London: Lund Humphries, 1958), p. 29. Cf. Source Book, p. 611.
  11. . See glossary for distinction from ch'eng“.
  12. . Mencius 7B. 32.
  13. . Analects 6:28.
  14. . Doctrine of the Mean 20.
  15. . Analects 15:28.
  16. 16. “Thing” (wu) was defined as “event” (shih) by Ch'eng I, among others (Source Book, p. 552).
  17. . Joseph Needham, Science and Civilization in China, 5 vols. to date (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954‐), 2:281.
  18. . Source Book, pp. 530, 532, 539, 554, 560.
  19. . Intriguing possibilities for further research are suggested by Werner Heisen‐berg's remarks on “potential reality” as the ground of the emerging scientific understanding of the world. See, e.g., Werner Heisenberg's Across the Frontiers (New York: Harper & Row, 1974), p. 83. The resemblances of Chinese and Whiteheadian philosophy are even more striking, and much work is being done in developing their implicauons. The Journal of Chinese Philosophy and Philosophy East and West have published many excellent articles along these lines. My feeling is that, if indeed there are substantial similarities to traditional Chinese thought emerging in modern science, the study of Confucian moral metaphysics is likely to be helpful in suggesting ways in which such a view of the physical world might be integrated with a system of ethical values.