Notes

  1. . F. Nietzsche, Ecce Homo, trans. W. Kaufmann (New York: Vintage Books, 1969), pp. 215 –335.
  2. . F. Nietzsche, “Thus Spoke Zarathustra,” in The Portable Nietzche, trans. W. Kaufmann (New York: Viking Press, 1968), pp. 191–259.
  3. . H. R. Pagels, The Cosmic Code: Quantum Physics as the Language of Nature(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982).
  4. . H. E. Howard, An Introduction to the Study of Bird Behaviour (London: Cambridge University Press, 1920).
  5. . A. Koestler, The Ghost in the Machine(New York: Macmillan, 1968).
  6. . See P. D. MacLean, “The Triune Brain, Emotion, and Scientific Bias,” in The Neurosciences Second Study Program, ed. F. O. Schmitt (New York: Rockefeller University Press, 1970), pp. 336–49; idem, “A Triune Concept of the Brain and Behavior, “in The Hinchs Memorial Lectures, ed. T. Boagand D. Campbell (Toronto university of Toronto Press, 1973), pp. 6–66; idem, “On the Evolution of Three Mentals, “Man —Environment System 5 (1975): 213–14; reprinted in New Dimensions in Psychiatry: A World View, ed. S. Arieti and G. Chrzanowski (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1977), 2:305–28, and in Human Evolution, Biosocial Perspectives, ed. S. L. Washburn and E. R. McCown, Perspectives on Human Evolution, vol. 4 (Menlo Park, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings, 1978), pp. 32–57.
  7. . P.D.MacLean, “The Brain's Generation Gap: Some Human Implications,” Zygon  8 (June 1973): 113–27.
  8. . B.Falck, “Observations on the Possibilities for the Cellular Localization of Monoamines with a Fluorescence Method,” Acta Physiologica Scandinavica  56 (1962): 1–25;  B.Falcket al., “Fluorescence of Catecholamines and Related Compounds Condensed with Formaldehyde,” Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry  10 (1962): 348–54; and A.Dahlstrom and K.Fuxe, “Evidence for the Existence of Monoamine—Containing Neurons in the Central Nervous System. 1. Demonstration of Monoamines in the Cell Bodies of Brain Stem Neurons,” Acta Physiological Scandinavica62 (1964): 1–80.
  9. . E. H.Colbert, “Antarctic Fossils and the Reconstruction of Gondwanaland,” Natural History  81 (1972): 66–73.
  10. . E. H. Colbert, Evolution of the Vertebrates (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1969); A. S. Romer, Vertebrate Paleontology(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966).
  11. . P. D. MacLean, “Why Brain Research on Lizards,” in The Behavior and Neurology of Lizards, ed. N. Greenberg and P. D. MacLean, DHEW publication no. (ADM) 77–491 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978), pp. 1–10.
  12. . MacLean, “Evolution of Three Mentalities  .
  13. . See n. 10 above.
  14. . P. D. MacLean, “On the Origin and Progressive Evolution of the Triune Brain,” in Primate Brain Evolution, ed. E. Armstrong and D. Falk (New York: Plenum Press, 1982), pp. 291–316. For another version see also “Evolution of the Psychencephalon,” Zygon 17 (June 1982): 187–211. See also J. D. Newman and P. D. MacLean, “Effects of Tegmental Lesions on the Isolation Call of Squirrel Monkeys,” Brain Research 232 (1982): 317–29.
  15. . W. Auffenberg, “Social and Feeding Behavior in Varanus komodoensis,” in The Behavior and Neurology of Lizards, ed. N. Greenberg and P. D. MacLean, DHEW publication no (ADM) 77–491 (Washington, D.C.: US. Government Printing Office, 1978 1, pp. 301–31; V. A. Harris, The Life of the Rainbow Lizard(London: W. I. Hutchison, 1964).
  16. . MacLean, “Origin and Progressive Evolution  .
  17. . N.B.Greenberg, P.D.MacLean, and J. L.Ferguson, “Role of the Paleostriatum in Species—Typical Display Behavior of the Lizard (Anolis carolinemis),” Brain Research  172 (1979): 229–41. Paul D. MacLean 373
  18. . P. D. MacLean, “Effects of Lesions of Globus Pallidus on Species—Typical Display Behavior of Squirrel Monkeys,” Brain Research149(1978): 175–96; P. D. MacLean, “Role of Transhypothalamic Pathways in Social Communication, “in Handbood of the Hypothalamus, ed. P. Morgane and J. Panksepp (New York: Marcel1 Dekker, 1980), pp. 259–87.
  19. . DerekStonorov, “Protocol at the Annual Brown Bear Fish Feast,” Natural History  81 (1972): 66–94.
  20. . Dian Fossey, “The Behavior of the Mountain Gorilla,” Ph. D. diss., University of Cambridge, 1976.
  21. . L.T.Evans, “A Study of a Social Hierarchy in the Lizard, Anolis carolinensis,” Journal of Genetic Psychology  48 (1936): 88–111.
  22. . Roger Masters, “Nice Guys Don't Finish Last: Aggressive and Appeasement Gestures in Media Images of Politicians,” paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 6 January 1982.
  23. . D.Morris, “Typical Intensity' and Its Relations to the Problem of Ritualisation,” Behaviour  11 (1957): 1–12.
  24. . P. D. MacLean, “A Mind of Three Minds: Educating the Triune Brain,” Seventy—seventh Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978), pp. 308–42.
  25. . MacLean, “Origin and Progressive Evolution” (n. 14 above).
  26. . Ibid.; and MacLean, “A Mind of Three Minds.”
  27. . P.Broca, “Anatomie Comparee des Circonvolutions Cébrales. Le Grand Lobe Limbique et la Scissure Limbique dans la Serie des Mammiferes,” Revue Anthropologique  1, Ser. 2 (1878): 385–498.
  28. . P.D.MacLean, “Some Psychiatric Implications of Physiological Studies on Frontotemporal Portion of Limbic System (Visceral Brain),” Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology  4 (1952): 407–18.
  29. . See, e.g., MacLean, “Triune Concept of the Brain” (n. 6 above).
  30. . P.D.MacLean, “New Findings Relevant to the Evolution of Psychosexual Functions of the Brain,” Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease  135 (1962): 289–301.
  31. . Ibid.
  32. . W. von Wickler, “Ursprung und biologische Deutung des Genitalprasentierens mannlicher Primaten,” Zeitschnyt fur Tierpsychologie 23 (1966): 422–37; idem, “Socio—sexual Signals and Their Intra—specific Imitation Among Primates,” in Primate Ethology, ed. M. Desmond (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967), pp. 69–147.
  33. . P. D. MacLean, “Man and His Animal Brains,” Modern Medicine 32 (1964): 95–106; idem, “Alternative Neural Pathways to Violence,” in Alternatives to Violence, ed. L. Ng (New York: Time—Life Books, 1968), pp. 24–34; idem, “New Findings on Brain Function and Sociosexual Behavior,” in Contemporary Sexual Behavior: Critical Issues in the 1970's, ed. J. Zubin and J. Money (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973), pp. 53–7.
  34. . MacLean, “Evolution of Three Mentalities” (n. 6 above).
  35. . MacLean, “New Findings Relevant to the Evolution” and “New Findings on Brain Function  .
  36. . See MacLean, “New Findings on Brain Function.”
  37. . Ibid.
  38. . Ibid. See also Wickler, “Ursprung und biologische Deutung.”
  39. . I.Eibl—Eibesfeldt, “KO—Buschleute (Ka1ahari)–Schamweisen und Spotten,” Homo  22 (1971): 261–66.
  40. . MacLean (n. 24 above).
  41. . Ibid.
  42. . See eg., U.Jurgens and D.Ploog, “Cerebral Representation of Vocalization in the Squirrel Monkey,” Experimental Brain Research  10 (1970):532–54.
  43. . M.R.Murphy, P.D.MacLean and S. C.Hamilton, “Species—Typical Behavior of Hamsters Deprived from Birth of the Neocortex,” Science  213 (1981): 459–61.
  44. . MacLean (n. 24 above).
  45. . Koestler (n. 5 above), p. 266.
  46. . W. Kaufmann, Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist, 3rd ed. rev. (New York: Random House, 1968).
  47. . E. Forster—Nietzsche, “Introduction: How Zarathustra Came Into Being,” in The Philosophy of Nietzsche (New York: Modern Library, 1954), p. xxi.
  48. . P. D. MacLean, “The Imitative—Creative Interplay of our Three Mentalities,” in Astride the Two Cultures: Arthur Koestler at 70, ed. H. Harris (London: Hutchinson Publishing Group, 1975), pp. 187–211.
  49. . L. Hogben, Mathematics for the Million (New York: W. W. Norton, 1937).