References
Alexander, R. D.1974. “The Evolution of Social Behavior. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5: 325–83.
Alexander, R. D.. 1985. “A Biological Interpretation of Moral Systems. Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 20 (March): 3–20.
Alexander, R. D.1987. The Biology of Moral Systems. New York : Aldine de Gruyter.
Allison, P. D.1992. “The Cultural Evolution of Beneficent Norms. Social Forces 71:279–301.
Axelrod, R.1984. The Evolution of Cooperation. New York : Basic Books.
Badcock, C.R.1986. The Problem of Altruism. Oxford : Basil Blackwell.
Boyd, R., and P. J.Richerson. 1985. Culture and the Evolutionary Process. Chicago : Univ. of Chicago Press.
Boyd, R., and P. J.Richerson. 1988. “The Evolution of Reciprocity in Sizable Groups. Journal of Theoretical Biology 132: 337–56.
Boyd, R., and P. J.Richerson. 1989. “The Evolution of Indirect Reciprocity. Social Networks 11: 213–36.
Boyd, R., and P. J.Richerson. 1990a. “Culture and Cooperation .” In Beyond Self‐Interest, ed. J. J.Mansbridge, 111–32. Chicago : Univ. of Chicago Press.
Boyd, R., and P. J.Richerson. 1990b. “Group Selection Among Alternative Evolutionarily Stable Strategies. Journal of Theoretical Biology 145: 331–42.
Boyd, R., and P. J.Richerson. 1992. “Punishment Allows the Evolution of Cooperation (or Anything Else) in Sizable Groups. Ethology and Sociobiology 13 (3): 171–95.
Buss, D. M., and L. A.Dedden. 1990. “Derogation of Competitors. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 7: 395–422.
Byrne, R., and A.Whiten. [1985] 1988. “Tactical Deception of Familiar Individuals in Baboons. Animal Behaviour 33: 669–73. In Machiavellian Intelligence: Social Expertise and the Evolution of Intellect in Monkys, Apes, and Humans, ed. R. Byrne and A. Whiten. Oxford: Clarendon
Caldwell, J.C., P. H.Reddy, and P.Caldwell. 1988. The Causes of Demographic Change. Madison : The Univ. of Wisconsin Press.
Caldwell, R. L.1986. “The Deceptive Use of Reputation by Stomatopods .” In Deception: Perspectives on Human and Nonhuman Deceit, ed. R.W.Mitchell and N.S.Thompson, 129–45. Albany : State Univ. of New York Press.
Campbell, D. T.1975. “On the Conflicts Between Biological and Social Evolution and Between Psychology and Moral Tradition. American Psychologist 30:1103–26.
Campbell, D. T.1983. “The Two Distinct Routes Beyond Kin Selection to Ultrasociality: Implications for the Humanities and Social Sciences .” In The Nature of Prosocial Development: Interdisciplinary Theories and Strategies, ed. D.L.Bridgeman, 11–41. New York : Academic Press.
Campbell, D. T.1991. “A Naturalistic Theory of Archaic Moral Orders. Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 26 (March): 91–114.
Cancian, F. A.1975. What are Norms? A Study of Beliefs and Action in a Maya Community. Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press.
Capp, M.S., and W.A.Searcy. 1991. “Acoustical Communication of Aggressive Intentions by Territorial Male Bobolinks. Behavioral Ecology 2 (4): 319–26.
Carneiro, R.1970. “A Theory of the Origin of the State. Science 169: 733–38.
Caryl, P. G.1979. “Communication by Agonistic Displays: What Can Games Theory Contribute to EthologyBehaviour 68: 136–69.
Caryl, P.G.1982. “Animal Signals: A Reply to Hinde. Animal Behaviour 30: 240–44.
Chagnon, N.A. 1988a. “Life Histories, Blood Revenge, and Warfare in a Tribal Population. Science 239: 985–92.
Chagnon, N.A.1988b. “Male Yanomamö Manipulations of Kinship Classifications of Female Kin for Reproductive Advantage .” In Human Reproductive Behaviour: A Darwinian Perspective, ed. L.Betzig, M.Borgerhoff Mulder, and P.Turke, 23–48. Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press.
Charnov, E. L., and J. R.Krebs. 1975. “The Evolution of Alarm Calls: Altruism or ManipulationAmerican Naturalist 109: 107–12.
Cheney, D. L., and R. M.Seyfarth. 1990. How Monkeys See the World: Inside the Mind of Another Species. Chicago : Univ. of Chicago Press.
Cronk, L.1991. “Communication as Manipulation: Implications for Biosociological Research .” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Cronk, L.1993. “Signals, Manipulation, and Biocultural Evolution .” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Boston, Mass., at a session entitled “Models of Biocultural Evolution: Understanding Human Social and Moral Development.”
Cullen, J. M. 1966. “Reduction of Ambiguity Through Ritualization. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 251: 363–74.
Daly, M., and M.Wilson. 1984. Sex, Evolution, and Behavior. 2d ed. Belmont , Calif. : Wadsworth.
Dawkins, R.1982. The Extended Phenotype. Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press.
Dawkins, R.1986. The Blind Watchmaker. New York : W.W. Norton.
Dawkins, R., and J.R.Krebs. 1978. “Animal Signals: Information or Manipulation ?” In Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, ed. J. R.Krebs and N. B.Davies, 282–309. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific.
DeWaal, F.1986. “Deception in the Natural Communication of Chimpanzees .” In Deception: Perspectives on Human and Nonhuman Deceit, ed. R. W.Mitchell and N.S.Thompson, 221–44. Albany : State Univ. of New York Press.
Deutscher, I.1973. What We Say/What We Do: Sentiments and Acts. Glenview , Ill. : Scott, Foresman and Company.
Durham, W.H.1991. Coevolution: Genes, Culture, and Human Diversity. Stanford : Stanford Univ. Press.
Eibl‐Eibesfeldt, I. 1982. ““Warfare”, Man's Indoctrinability and Group Selection. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 60: 177–98.
EnquistWarfare M. 1982. 1985. “Communication During Aggressive Interactions with Particular Reference to Variation in Choice of Behaviour. Animal Behaviour 33: 1152–61.
Frank, R. H.1988. Passions Within Reason: The strategic Role of the Emotions. New York : W.W. Norton.
Ghiselin, M. T.1974. The Economy of Nature and the Evolution of Sex. Berkeley : Univ. of California Press.
Godfray, H. C. J.1991. “Signalling of Need by Offspring to Their Parents. Nature 352: 328–30.
Gould, C. G.1983. “Out of the Mouths of Beasts. Science 83 4 (3): 69–72.
Grafen, A.1990a. “Biological Signals as Handicaps. Journal of Theoretical Biology 144: 517–46.
Grafen, A. 1990b. “Sexual Selection Unhandicapped by the Fisher Process. Journal of Theoretical Biology 144: 473–516.
Grafen, A.1991. “Modelling in Behavioural Ecology .” In Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, 3d ed., ed. J. R.Krebs and N.B.Davies, 5–31. Oxford : Blackw.
Guilford, T., and M.S.Dawkins. 1991. “Receiver Psychology and the Evolution of Animal Signals. Animal Behaviour 42: 1–14.
Hamilton, W. D.1964. “The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior, I & II.” Journal of Theoretical Biology 7: 1–52.
Harpending, H., P.Draper, and A.Rogers. 1987. “Human Sociobiology. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 30: 127–50.
Harper, D. G. C.1991. “Communication .” In Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, ed. J. R.Krebs and N. B.Davies, 374–97. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific.
Hawkes, K., J. F.O'Connell, and N. G.Blurton Jones. 1989. “Hardworking Hadza Grandmothers .” In Comparative Socioecology, ed. V.Standen and R.Foley, 341–66. Oxford : Basil Blackwell.
Hayek, F. A.1973. Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Volume One: Rules and Order. Chicago : Univ. of Chicago Press.
Hinde, R. A.1981. “Animal Signals: Ethological and Games‐Theory Approaches Are Not Incompatible. Animal Behaviour 29: 535–42.
Hollindale, R.J., ed. 1977. A Nietzsche Reader. Harmondsworth, England : Penguin.
Irons, W.1991. “How Did Morality EvolveZygon: Journal of Religion and Science 26 (March): 49–89.
Irons, W.1992. “The Significance of Evolutionary Biology for Research on Human Altruism .” Paper presented at a conference entitled “Altruism: Perspectives from Evolutionary Biology, Philosophy, and Theology.” Evangelische Akademie Loccum, Germany .
Jencks, C.1990. “Varieties of Altruism .” In Beyond Self‐Interest, ed. J. J.Mansbridge, 54–67. Chicago : Univ. of Chicago Press.
Johnson, G. R. 1986. “Kin Selection, Socialization, and Patriotism: An Integrating Theory. Politics and the Life Sciences 4: 127–54.
Johnson, G. R.1987. “In the Name of the Fatherland: An Analysis of Kin Term Usage in Patriotic Speech and Literature. International Political Science Review 8: 165–74.
Johnson, G. R.1989. “The Role of Kin Recognition Mechanisms in Patriotic Socialization: Further Reflections. Politics and the Life Sciences 8: 62–69.
Johnstone, R. A., and A.Grafen. 1992. “The Continuous Sir Philip Sidney Game: A Simple Model of Biological Signalling. Journal of Theoretical Biology 156: 215–34.
Kaplan, H. 1987. “Human Communication and Contemporary Evolutionary Theory. Research on Language and Social Interaction 20: 79–139.
Knapp, R.A., and J.T.Kovach. 1991. “Courtship as an Honest Indicator of Male Parental Quality in the Bicolor Damselfish, Stegastes partitus. Behavioral Ecology 2 (4): 295–300.
Krebs, J.R., and R.Dawkins. 1984Animal Signals: Mind Reading and Manipulation .” In Behavioral Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, 2d ed., ed. J. R.Krebs and N.B.Davies, 380–402. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific.
Matsuoka, S.1980. “Pseudo Warning Call in Titmice. Tori: Bulletin of the Ornithological Society of Japan 29: 87–90.
Maynard Smith, J.1991. “Honest Signalling–the Philip Sidney Game. Animal Behaviour 42: 1034–35.
Maynard Smith, J., and G. R.Price.1973. “The Logic of Animal Conflict. Nature 246: 15–18.
Maze, J.R.1973. “The Concept of Attitude. Inquiry 16: 168–205.
Munn, C. A.1986. “The Deceptive Use of Alarm Calls by Sentinel Species in Mixed‐Species Flocks of Neotropical Birds .” In Deception: Perspectives on Human and Nonhuman Deceited. R.W.Mitchell and N.S.Thompson, 169–75. Albany : State Univ. of New York Press.
Pospisil, L.1978. The Kapauku Papuans of West New Guinea, 2d ed. New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Ray, J. J.1981. “The Morals of Attitude. The Journal of Social Psychology 115: 227–35.
Ridley, M., and R.Dawkins. 1981. “The Natural Selection of Altruism .” In Altruism and Helping Behavior: Social, Personality, and Developmental Perspectives, ed. J.P.Rushton and R.M.Sorrentino, 19–39. Hillsdale , N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum.
RüppelV. G. [1969] 1986. “A ‘Lie’ as a Directed Message of the Arctic Fox (Alopex lagopus L. ).” In Deception: Perspectives on Human and Nonhuman Deceit, ed. R.W.Mitchell and N. S.Thompson, 177–81. Albany : State Univ. of New York Press.
Ruse, M.1986. “Evolutionary Ethics: A Phoenix Arisen. Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 21 (March): 95–112.
Savage‐Rumbaugh, S., and K.McDonald. 1988. “Deception and Social Manipulation in Symbol‐Using Apes .” In Machiavellian Intelligence: Social Expertise and the Evolution of Intellect in Monkeys, Apes, and Humans, ed. R.Byrne and A.Whiten, 224–37. Oxford : Clarendon.
Schelling, T.1960. The Strategy of Conflict. Cambridge : Harvard Univ. Press.
Stearns, S.C.1986. “Natural Selection and Fitness, Adaptation and Constraint .” In Patterns and Processes in the History of Life: Report of the Dahlem Workshop, ed. D.Jablonski and D. M.Raup, 23–44. Berlin : Springer‐Verlag.
Steger, R., and R.L.Caldwell. 1983. “Intraspecific Deception by Bluffing: A Defense Strategy of Newly Molted Stomatopods(Arthropoda: Crustacea). Science 221:558–60.
Swanson, G.1960. The Birth of the Gods. Ann Arbor : Univ. of Michigan Press.
Trivers, R.L.1971. “The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology 46: 35–57.
Trivers, R.L.1974. “Parent‐Offspring Conflict. American Zoology 14: 249–64.
Trivers, R.L.1985Social Evolution. Menlo Park , Calif. : Benjamin/Cummings.
Turke, P.W.1988. “Helpers at the Nest: Childcare Networks on Ifaluk .” In Human Reproductive Bchaviour: A Darwinian Perspective, ed. L.Betzig, M. BorgerhoffMulder, and P.Turke, 173–88. Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press.
Turke, P.W.1989. “Evolution and the Demand for Children. Population and Development Review 15 (1): 61–90.
Vlassoff, M., and C.Vlassoff. 1980. “Old Age Security and the Utility of Children in Rural India. Population Studies 34: 487–99.
Weber, M. [1904–5] 1958. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Trans. Talcott Parsons. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons.
West‐Eberhard, M.J.1975. “The Evolution of Social Behavior by Kin Selection. The Quaterly Review of Biology 50: 1–33.
Wiessner, P.1983. “Style and Social Information in Kalahari San Projectile Points. American Antiquity 48: 253–76.
Williams, G.C.1966. Adaptation and Natural Selection. Princeton , N.J. : Princeton Univ. Press.
Williams, G.C.1988. “Huxley's Evolution and Ethics in Sociobiological Perspective. Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 23 (December): 383–438.
Williams, G.C.1992. Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges. Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press.
Zahavi, A.1975. “Mate Selection‐A Selection for a Handicap. Journal of Theoretical Biology 53: 205–14.
Zahavi, A.1977. “The Cost of Honesty (Further Remarks on the Handicap Principle).” Journal of Theoretical Biology 67: 603–5.
Zahavi, A.1979. “Ritualisation and the Evolution of Movement Signals.Behaviour 72: 77–81.
Zahavi, A.1987. “The Theory of Signal Selection and Some of Its Implications .” In International Symposium of Biological Evolution, ed. V.P.Delfino, 305–27. Bari : Adriatica Editrice.