Notes

  1. . C. P. Snow, The Two Cultures and a Second Look (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1964).
  2. . B Russell, A History of Western Philosophy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1945), pp. 834–35.
  3. . EZilsel, “The Genesis of the Concept of Physical Law,” Philosofhical Review  , 41 (1949, 245.)
  4. . See, e.g., H. Margenau, Ethics and Science (Princeton, N.J.: D. Van Nostrand Co., 1964), p. 142, and R. P. Feynman, Frontiers in Science (New York: Basic Books, 1958), p 307. For an extensive critical and historical discussion see A.Brecht, “The Myth of Is and Ought,” Haruard Law Review  , 44 (1941), 811.
  5. . “Let us imagine a period in the future when all interest in scientific investigation had ceased but the relatively simple conceptual schemes about matter and energy, the solar system and the basic facts of chemistry of the late nineteenth century were accepted and widely taught. Would the people of that day ‘understand' science as the late Victorians did? Not to my mind. There would be little difference in their intellectual outlook from that of a people who accept their cosmology as part of a revealed religion. If this be so, the characteristic of the scientific age in which we live lies not in the relative adequacies of our conceptual schemes as to the universe but in the dynamic character of these concepts as interpreted by both professional scientists and laymen. Almost by definition, I would say, science moves ahead” (J. B. Conant, On understanding Science [New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1947], pp. 24, 25).
  6. . A. M.Weinberg, “Criteria for Scientific Choice,” Physics Today  , 67 (March, 1964), 42.
  7. . M. R. Cohen, Reason and Law (Glencoe, 111.: Free Press, 1950), p. 5.
  8. . For a discussion of “necessity” and of natural law generally, see E. Nagel, The Structure of Science (New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1961), esp. chaps. iv and x.
  9. . As quoted in J. B. Noss, Man's Religions (New York: Macmillan Co., 1964). pp. 386–87.
  10. . Quoted in “Protagoras” of the Dialogues of Pluto, trans. B. Jowett (New York:Random House, 1937).
  11. . A.Edel, “Science and the Structure of Ethics,” International Encyclopedia of Unified Science  (1961), Vol, 11.
  12. . R.Lindsay, “Entropy Consumption and Values in Physical Science,” American Scientist  , 147 (1959), 376.
  13. . E.g., A.Rapaport. Scientific Approach to Ethics,” Science  , 225 (1957), 796.
  14. . For a summary, see L.Cranberg. Ethical Problems of Scientists,” Educational Record  (Summer, 1965), p. 282.
  15. . DaelWolfle, AAAS Council Meeting, 1965. Science  , 251 (1966), 842.