Anand, K. J. S., and E. R.Hickey. 1987. “Pain and Its Effects in the Human Neonate and Fetus.New England Journal of ‘Medicine’  317 no.21: 1321–29.

Branch, D. W., L.Ducat; A.Fantel; W. C.Low; F. C.Zhou; D. H.Dayton; and T. J. Gill for the Human Fetal Tissue Working Group. 1995. “Suitability of Fetal Tissues from Spontaneous Abortions and from Ectopic Pregnancies for Transplantation.Journal of the American Medical Association  273, no.1: 66–68.

BurtchaellJ. T.1988. “University Policy on Experimental Use of Aborted Fetal Tissue: Case Study.IRB: A Review of Human Subjects Research  10, no.4 (July/August): 7–11.

Consultants to the Advisory Committee to the Director. 1988. Report of the Human Fetal Tissue Transplantation Research Panel. Bethesda , Md. : National Institutes of Health.

Crombleholme, T. M.; J. C.Langer; M. R.Harrison; and E. D.Zanjani. 1994. “Transplantation of Fetal Cells.American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology  164, no.1: 218–30.

Fletcher, J.1979. “Humanness  .” In Humanhood: Essays in Biomedical Ethics, ed. J.Fletcher, pp. 7–18. Buffalo , N.Y. : Prometheus Books.

Ford, N. M.1988. When Did I Begin, Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press.

Freed, C. R.; R. E.Breeze; N. L.Rosenberg; S. A.Schneck; E.Kriek; J. X.Qi; T.Lone; Y. B.Zhang; et al.1992. “Survival of Implanted Fetal Dopamine Cells and Neurologic Improvement 12 to 46 Months after Transplantation for Parkinsons Disease.New England Journal of ‘Medicine’  327, no.22: 1549–55.

Fung, C. H. K., and J. W.Lo. 1990. “Alternatives to Using Fetal Tissue from Induced Abortions.Journal of the American Medical Association  264, no.1: 34.

Garry, D. J.; A. L.Caplan; D. E.Vawter; and W.Kearney. 1992. “Are There Really Alternatives to the Use of Tissue from Elective Abortions in Transplantation ResearchNew England Journal of ‘Medicine’  327, no.22: 1592–95.

Greely, H. T; T.Hamm; R.Johnson; C. R.Price; R.Weingarten; and T.Raffin. 1989. “The Ethical Use of Human Fetal Tissue in Medicine.” Stanford University Medical Center Committee on Ethics. New England Journal of Medicine  320, no. 16: 1093–96.

Green, M., and D.Wilder. 1980. “Brain Death and Personal Identity. Philosophy and Public Affairs  9: 105–33.

Hurd, R.E.1992. “Ethical Issues Surrounding the Transplantation of Human Fetal Tissues. Clinical Research  40, no.4: 661–66.

Kirschenbaum, B.; M.Nedergaard; A.Preuss; K.Barami; R. A.Fraser; and S. A.Goldman. 1994. “In vitro Neuronal Production and Differentiation by Precursor Cells Derived from the Adult Human Forebrain. Cerebral Cortex  4, no.6: 576–89.

Kordower, J. H.; T. B.Freeman; B. J.Snow; F. J.Vmgerhoets; E. J.Mufson; E R.Sanberg; R. A.Hauseretal. 1995. “Neuropathological Evidence of Graft Survival and Striats J Rein‐nervation after the Transplantation of Fetal Mesencephalic Tissue in a Patient with Parkinson's Disease. New England Journal of Medicine  332, no.17: 1118–24.

Korein, J.1990. “Ontogenesis of the Fetal Nervous System: The Onset of Brain Life. Transplantation Proceedings  22, no.3: 982–83.

Lewin, Roger. 1988. “Brain Graft Puzzles.Science  240: 879.

Mahowald, M. B.1993a. “Brain Development, Personal Identity and Neurografts  .” In Debates Over Medical Authority: New Challenges in Biomedical Experimentation, Emerging Issues in Biomedical Policy: An Annual Review. Vol. 2, ed. R. H.Blank and A. L.Bonnicksen. New York : Columbia Univ. Press, pp. 232–46.

Mahowald, M. B.1993b. Women and Children in Health Care: An Unequal Majority. New York : Oxford Univ. Press.

Mahowald, M. B.; J.Areen; B. J.Hoffer, et al.1987. “Transplantation of Neural Tissue from Fetuses. Science  . 235: 1307–08.

Mahowald, M. B.; J.Silver; and R. A.Ratcheson. 1987. “The Ethical Options in Transplanting Fetal Tissue. Hastings Center Report  1:9–5.

Moore, K., and T. V. N.Persaud. 1993. The Developing Human‐Clinically Oriented Embryology. 5th ed. Philadelphia : W. B. Saunders.

Mullen, M. A., and F. H.Lowy. 1993. “Physician Attitudes toward the Regulation of Fetal Tissue Therapies: Empirical Findings and Implications for Public Policy. Journal of Law, Medicine 6-Ethics  21, no.2: 241–50.

Netter, F. H.1983. CIBA Collection of Medical Illustrations. Vol. 1, Nervous System. Part 1, Anatomy and Physiology. N.J. : CIBA Medical Education Division.

Newton, L. H.1988. “Surrogate Motherhood and the Limits of Rational Ethics”, Lagos  9: 113–14.

Noonan, J. T., ed. 1970. The Morality of Abortion: Legal and Historical Perspectives. Cambridge : Harvard Univ. Press.

Parens, E.1995. “What Research? Which EmbryosHastings Center Report  25, no. 1: 36.

Post, S. G.1991. “Fetal Tissue Transplants: The Right to Question Progress. America  . 16414–16.

Robertson, J. A.1990. “The Ethical Acceptability of Fetal Tissue Transplants. Transplantation Proceedings  22: 1025–27.

Sanders, L. M.; L.Giudice; and T. A.Raffin. 1993. “Ethics of Fetal Tissue Transplantation.” In Fetal Medicine (special issue), Western Journal of Medicine  159: 400–07.

Sass, Hans‐Martin. 1989. “Brain Life and Brain Death: A Proposal for a Normative Agreement. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy  14:45–59.

Scott, R.1981. The Body as Property. New York : Viking Press.

Shorr, A. F.1994. “Abortion and Fetal Tissue Research: Some Ethical Concerns. Fetal Diagnosis 6- Therapy  9, no.3: 196–203.

Singer, Peter. 1994. Practical Ethics. New York : Cambridge Univ. Press.

Strong, C.1991. “Fetal Tissue Transplantation: Can It Be Morally Insulated from AbortionJournal of Medical Ethics  . 17:70–76.

Tooley, M.1984. “In Defense of Abortion and Infanticide  .” In The Problem of Abortion, ed. JoelFeidberg. Belmont , Calif. : Wadsworth.

U.S. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment. 1990. “Appendix A  .” In DHHS Moratorium on Human Fetal Tissue Transplantation Research. Washington , D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1988. “Special Notice: Moratorium on Certain Fetal Tissue Research  .” In NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. Vol. 17. Bethesda , Md. : National Institutes of Health.

Vawter, Dorothy E.; WarrenKearney; Karen G.Gervais; Arthur L.Caplan; DanielGarry; and CarolTauer. 1990. The Use of Human Fetal Tissue: Scientific, Ethical and Polity Concerns. Minneapolis : Univ. of Minnesota Press.

Warren, M. A.1964. “Moral Problems in the Use of Borrowed Organs. Annals of Internal Medicine  . 60: 312.

Warren, M. A.1984. “On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion  . In The Problem of Abortion, ed. JoelFeinberg, pp. 102–19. Belmont , Calif. : Wadsworth.