Allen, Colin and MarcBekoff. 1997. Species of Mind: The Philosophy and Biology of Cognitive Ethology  . Cambridge: MIT Press.

American Zoologist. 2000. “Animal Consciousness: Historical, Theoretical, and Empirical Perspectives.”American Zoologist  . 40: 833–921.

Animal Welfare. 2001. “Consciousness, Cognition, and Animal Welfare.”. Animal Welfare  . 10 (Supplement):S1–S251.

Bekoff, Marc. 2000. Strolling with Our Kin  . New York: Lantern Books.

——. 2001. “Observations of Scent‐marking and Discriminating Self from Others by a Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris): Tales of Displaced Yellow Snow.”Behavioural Processes  55: 75–79.

——. 2002a. “Animal Reflections.”  . Nature  . 419: 255.

——. 2002b. Minding Animals: Awareness, Emotions, and Heart  . New York: Oxford Univ. Press.

——. 2002c. “Empathy: Common Sense, Science Sense, and Well‐Being.”Behavioral and Brain Sciences  25: 26–27.

——. 2003. “Old Brains in New Bottlenecks: Why We Seek Nature's Wisdom.”Environmental Values  12: 1–2.

Bekoff, Marc, ColinAllen, and Gordon M.Burghardt, eds. 2002. The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Aspects of Animal Cognition  . Cambridge: MIT Press.

Bekoff, Marc, and DaleJamieson. 1991. “Reflective Ethology, Applied Philosophy, and the Moral Status of Animals.”Perspectives in Ethology  9: 1–47.

Damasio, Antonio. 2001. “Fundamental Feelings.”  Nature  413: 781.

Darwin, Charles. [1871] 1936. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex  . New York: Random House.

Dawkins, Marian S.1993. Through Our Eyes Only?  San Francisco: Freeman.

De Veer, M. W. and R. van denBoss. 1999. “A Critical Review of Methodology and Interpretation of Mirror Self‐recognition Research in Nonhuman Primates.”Animal Behaviour  . 58: 459–68.

Fox, Michael W.1982. “Are Most Animals ‘Mindless Automatons’? A Response to Gordon Gallup, Jr.”American Journal of Primatology  3: 341–43.

Gallup, Gordon G.Jr.1998. “Can Animals Empathize? Yes.”Scientific American  9 (4): 66–71.

Gallup, Gordon G., J. R.Anderson, and D. J.Shillito. 2002. “The Mirror Test.” In The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Aspects of Animal Cognition  , ed. M.Bekoff, C.Allen, and G. M.Burghardt. 325–33. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Hauser, Marc. 2000. Wild Minds: What Animals Really Think  . New York: Henry Holt.

Heyes, Cecilia M.. 1987. “Cognisance of Consciousness in the Study of Animal Knowledge.” In Evolutionary Epistemology  , ed. W.Callebaut and R.Pinxten, 105–36. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: D. Reidel.

——. 1994. “Reflection on Self‐recognition in Primates.”Animal Behaviour  47: 909–19.

Jamieson, Dale. 2002. “Cognitive Ethology at the End of Neuroscience.” In The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Aspects of Animal Cognition  , ed. M.Bekoff, C.Allen, and G. M.Burghardt. 69–75. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Johnson, S. C., L. C.Baxter, L. S.Wilder, J. G.Pipe, J. E.Heiserman, and G. P.Prigatano. 2002. “Neural Correlates of Self‐reflection.”Brain  125: 1808–14.

Laing, R. D1970. Knots  . New York: Vintage Books.

Marks, J.2002. What It Means to Be 98% Chimpanzee: Apes, People, and Their Genes. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

Mason, Georgia. 1994. “Review of F. Wemelsfelder, ‘Animal Boredom: Towards an Empirical Approach of Animal Subjectivity.”Animal Welfare  3: 57–60.

Mitchell, Robert. 2002. “Kinesthetic Visual Matching, Imitation, and Self‐recognition.” In The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Aspects of Animal Cognition  , ed. M.Bekoff, C.Allen, and G. M.Burghardt. 345–51. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Nature  . 2002. “Rights, Wrongs and Ignorance.”  Nature  416: 352.

Piggins, D., and C. J. C.Phillips. 1998. “Awareness in Domesticated Animals—Concepts and Definitions.”Applied Animal Behaviour Science  57: 181–200.

Povinelli, Daniel J., and J. G. H.Cant. 1995. “Arboreal Clambering and the Evolution of Self Conception.”Quarterly Review of Biology  70: 393–421.

Premack, David, and G.Woodruff. 1978. “Does a Chimpanzee Have a Theory of Mind?”Behavioral and Brain Sciences  1: 515–26.

Preston, Stephanie D., and Frans B. M.De Waal. 2002. “Empathy: Its Ultimate and Proximate Bases.”Behavioral and Brain Sciences  25: 1–74.

Reiss, Diana, and LoriMarino. 2001. “Mirror Self‐Recognition in the Bottlenose Dolphin: A Case of Cognitive Convergence.”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  98: 5937–42.

Salzen, Eric A., and James M.Cornell. 1968. “Self‐Perception and Species Recognition in Birds.”Behaviour  105: 44–65.

Seyfarth, Robert M.. Dorothy L.Cheney. 2000. “Social Awareness in Monkeys.”American Zoologist  40: 902–9.

Sheets‐Johnstone, Maxine. 1998. “Consciousness: A Natural History.”Journal of Consciousness Studies  . 5: 260–94.

Shumaker, Robert W., and Karyl B.Swartz. 2002. “When Traditional Methodologies Fail: Cognitive Studies of Great Apes.”  In The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Aspects of Animal Cognition, ed. M.Bekoff, C.Allen, and G. M.Burghardt. 335–43. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Tomasello, Michael, and JosepCall. 1997. Primate Cognition  . New York: Oxford Univ. Press.

Wilson, Susan C., and Devra G.Kleiman. 1974. “Eliciting Play: A Comparative Study.”American Zoologist  14: 341–70.

Wise, Stephen M.2002. Drawing the Line: Science and the Case for Animal Rights. Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus Books.