References
Aftanas, Ljubomir, and SemenGolosheykin. 2005. “Impact of regular meditation practice on EEG activity at rest and during evoked negative emotions.International Journal of Neuroscience 115:893–909.
Alexandre, Paula, and MarionWassef. 2003. “The isthmic organizer links anteroposterior and dorsoventral patterning in the mid/hindbrain by generating roof plate structures.Development 130:5331–38.
Ánandamúrti, Shrii Shrii. 1968. “This World and the Next. ” In Subhásita Samgraha, Vol. 4. Calcutta : Ánanda Márga.
Ánandamúrti, Shrii Shrii. 1988. “Mind, Pránendriya and Vrtii. ” In Ánanda Márga Philosophy in a Nutshell, Part 2. Calcutta : Das.
Ánandamúrti, Shrii Shrii. 1993. “Stages of Samádhi. ” In Discourses on Tantra, Vol. 1. Calcutta : Ánanda Márga.
Ánandamúrti, Shrii Shrii. 1996. Ánanda Sútram. 2d ed. Calcutta : Ánanda Márga.
Arambula, Pete, ErikPeper, MitsumasaKawakami, and KatherineHughes Gibney. 2001. “The physiological correlates of Kundalini Yoga meditation: A study of a yoga master.Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 26 (2): 147–53.
Austin, James H.1998. Zen and the Brain. Cambridge : MIT Press.
Avalon, Arthur (Sir JohnWoodroffe). [1919] 1974. The Serpent Power: The Secrets of Tantric and Shaktic Yoga. New York : Dover.
Bannerman, Peter, WilliamNichols, SusanPuhalla, TraceyOliver, MarieBerman, and DavidPleasure. 2000. “Early migratory rat neural crest cells express functional gap junctions: Evidence that neural crest cell survival requires gap junction function.Journal of Neuroscience Research 61:605–15.
Bennett, Michael V. L.1997. “Gap junctions as electrical synapses.Journal of Neurocytology 26:349–66.
Bennett, Steffany A. L., Jennifer M.Arnold, JiahuaChen, JanetStenger, David L.Paul, and David C. S.Roberts. 1999. “Long‐term changes in connexin32 gap junction protein and mRNA expression following cocaine self‐administration in rats.European Journal of Neuroscience 11:3329–38.
Benson, Herbert. 1976. The Relaxation Response. New York : Avon.
Bernardi, Luciano, PeterSleight, GabrieleBandinelli, SimoneCencetti, LambertoFattorini, JohannaWdowczyc‐Szulc, and AlfonsoLagi. 2001. “Effect of rosary prayer and yoga mantras on autonomic cardiovascular rhythms: Comparative study.British Medical Journal 323 (December 22–29): 1446–49.
Berthoud, Viviana M., David H.Hall, ErwinStrahsburger, Eric C.Beyer, and Juan C.Sáez. 2000. “Gap junctions in the chicken pineal gland.Brain Research 861:257–70.
Bhargava, R. M., G.Gogate, and J. F.Mascarenhas. 1988. “Autonomic responses to breath holding and its variations following pranayama.Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 32 (4): 257–64.
Bharshankar, Jyotsana R., Rajay N.Bharshankar, Vijaykumar N.Deshpande, Shoba B.Kaore, and Geeta B.Gosavi. 2003. “Effect of yoga on cardiovascular system in subjects above 40 years.Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 47 (2): 202–6.
Bittman, Kevin, David F.Owens, Arnold R.Kriegstein, and Joseph J.LoTurco. 1997. “Cell coupling and uncoupling in the ventricular zone of developing neocortex.The Journal of Neuroscience 17/18:7037–44.
Bou‐Flores, Céline, and Albert J.Berger. 2001. “Gap junctions and inhibitory synapses modulate inspiratory motoneuron synchronization.Journal of Neurophysiology 85 (5): 1543–51.
Bronner‐Fraser, Marianne. 1994. “Neural crest cell formation and migration in the developing embryo.The FASEB Journal (Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology) 8:699–706.
Brown, Richard P., and Patricia L.Gerbarg. 2005. “Sudarshan Kriya yogic breathing in the treatment of stress, anxiety and depression: Part I—neurophysiological model.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 11:189–201.
Bujatti, M., and P.Riederer. 1976. “Serotonin, noradrenaline dopamine metabolites in transcendental meditation‐technique.Journal of Neural Transmission 39 (3): 257–67.
Bukauskas, Feliksas F., and Vytas K.Verselis. 2004. “Gap junction channel gating.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1662:42–60.
Cahn B.Rael, and JohnPolich. 2006. “Meditation states and traits: EEG, ERP, and neuro‐imaging studies.Psychological Bulletin 132 (2): 180–211.
Cai, Jingli, AiwuCheng, YongquanLuo, ChengbiaoLu, Mark P.Mattson, Mahendra S.Rao, and KatsutoshiFurukawa. 2004. “Membrane properties of rat embryonic multipotent neural stem cells.Journal of Neurochemistry 88:212–26.
Chen, Kuo‐Gen. 1996. “II. Electrical properties of meridians.IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 15 (3): 58–63.
Chernin, Dennis K.2002. How to Meditate Using Chakras, Mantras, and Breath. Ann Arbor , Mich. : Think Publishing.
Colwell, Christopher S.2000. “Rhythmic coupling among cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.Journal of Neurobiology 43 (4): 379–88.
Cooper, Jack R., Floyd E.Bloom, and Robert H.Roth. 1996. The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology, 7th Ed. New York : Oxford Univ. Press.
Corby, James C., Walton T.Roth, Vincent P.ZarconeJr., and Bert S.Kopell. 1978. “Psychophysiological correlates of the practice of Tantric Yoga meditation.Archives of General Psychiatry 35 (5): 571–77.
Cotrina, M. L., and M.Nedegaard. 2000. “ATP as a messenger in astrocyte‐neuronal communication.The Neuroscientist 6 (2): 120–26.
Dahl, Edgar, KlausWillecke, and RudiBalling. 1997. “Segment‐specific expression of the gap junction gene connexin31 during hindbrain development.Development, Genes and Evolution 207:359–61.
Damasio, Antonio. 1999. The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. New York : Harcourt Brace.
Damasio, Antonio R., B. J.Everitt, and D.Bishop. 1996. “The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex [and discussion].Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 351:1413–20.
D'Aquili, Eugene G., and Andrew B.Newberg. 2000. “The Neuropsychology of Aesthetic, Spiritual, and Mystical States.Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 35:39–51.
Davidson, Richard J., JonKabat‐Zinn, JessicaSchumacher, MelissaRosenkranz, DanielMuller, Saki F.Santorelli, FerrisUrbanowski, AnneHarrington, KatherineBonus, and John F.Sheridan. 2003. “Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation.Psychosomatic Medicine 65:564–70.
Dean, Jay B., DavidBallantyne, Daniel L.Cardone, Joseph S.Erlichman, and Irene C.Solomon. 2002. “Role of gap junctions in CO2 chemoreception and respiratory control.American Journal of Physiology—Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 283:L665–70.
Dermietzel, R., O.Traub, T. K.Hwang, E.Beyer, M. V. L.Bennett, D. C.Spray, and K.Willecke. 1989. “Differential expression of three gap junction proteins in developing and mature brain tissues.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 86:10148–52.
Dhein, Stefan. 1998. “Gap junction channels in the cardiovascular system: Pharmacological and physiological modulation.Trends in Pharmacological Science 19 (6): 229–41.
Dietrich, Anne. 2003. “Functional neuroanatomy of altered states of consciousness: The transient hypofrontality hypothesis.Consciousness and Cognition 12:231–56.
Elson, Barry E., ReterHauri, and DavidCunis. 1977. “Physiological Changes in Yoga Meditation.Psychophysiology 14:52–57.
Evans, W. Howard, and Patricia E. M.Martin. 2002. “Gap Junctions: Structure and Function (Review).Molecular Membrane Biology 19 (2): 121–36.
Ewart, J. L., M. F.Cohen, R. A.Meyer, G. Y.Huang, A.Wessels, R. G.Gourdie, A. J.Chin, S. M. J.Park, B. O.Lazatin, S.Villabon, and C. W.Lo. 1997. “Heart and neural tube defects in transgenic mice overexpressing the Cx43 gap junction gene.Development 124:1281–92.
Feuerstein, Georg. 1997. The Shambhala Encyclopedia of Yoga. Boston : Shambhala.
Fróes, M. M., and J. R. L.Menezes. 2002. “Coupled heterocellular arrays in the brain.Neurochemistry International 41 (5): 367–75.
Fulton, Barbara P.1995. “Gap junctions in the developing nervous system.Perspectives on Developmental Neurobiology 2 (4): 327–34.
Funabashi, Toshiya, KumikoSuyama, TsuguoUemura, MakikoHirose, FumikiHirahara, and FukukoKimura. 2001. “Immortalized gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neurons (GT1–7 cells) exhibit synchronous bursts of action potentials.Neuroendocrinology 73:157–65.
Gammill, Laura S., and MarianneBronner‐Fraser. 2003. “Neural crest specification: Migrating into genomics.Nature Reviews/Neuroscience 4:1–11.
Goldin, Philippe, and TaliManber. 2006. “Enhancing the quality of communication and collaboration between yoga practitioners and clinical scientists.International Journal of Yoga Therapy 16:11–12.
Goswami, Shyam Sundar. [1980] 1999. Layayoga: The Definitive Guide to the Chakras and Kundalini. Rochester , Vt. : Inner Traditions.
Harinath, Kasiganesan, AnandSawarup Malhotra, KaranPal, RajendraPrasad, RajeshKumar, TrilokChand Kain, LajpatRai, and RameshChand Sawhney. 2004. “Effects of hatha yoga and Omkar Meditation on cardiorespiratory performance, psychologic profile and melatonin secretion.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 10 (2): 261–68.
Helms, J. A., and R. A.Schneider. 2003. “Cranial skeletal biology.Nature 423:326–31.
Hertz, L., Y.Chen, M. E.Gibbs, P.Zang, and L.Peng. 2004. “Astrocytic adrenoceptors: A major drug target in neurological and psychiatric disorders?Current Drug Targets—CNS & Neurological Disorder 3:239–68.
Hewitt, Amy, RachelBarrie, MichaelGraham, KaraBogus, J. C.Leiter, and Joseph S.Erlichman. 2004. “Ventilatory effects of gap junction blockade in the RTN in awake rats.American Journal of Physiology—Regulatory, Integrative, and Comparative Physiology 287:R1407–18.
Hormuzdi, Sheriar G., Mikhail A.Filippov, GeorgiaMitropoulou, HannahMonyer, and RobertoBruzzone. 2004. “Electrical synapses: a dynamic signaling system that shapes the activity of neuronal networks.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1662 (1–2): 113–37.
Hotary, Kevin B., and Kenneth R.Robinson. 1994. “Endogenous electrical currents and voltage gradients in Xenopus embryos and the consequences of their disruption.Developmental Biology 166 (2): 789–800.
Huang, G. Y., E. S.Cooper, K.Waldo, M. L.Kirby, N. B.Gilula, and C. W.Lo. 1998. “Gap junction‐mediated cell‐cell communication modulates mouse neural cell migration.The Journal of Cell Biology 143 (6): 1725–34.
Huang, G. Y., C. H.Zheng, and M. M.Zhang. 2005. [“Effect of acupuncture on expression of connexin 43 in ‘Zusanli’ (ST36) of the rat.”] Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 25 (8): 565–68.
Hui, Kathleen K. S., JingLiu, NikosMakris, Randy L.Gollub, Anthony J. W.Chen, Christopher I.Moore, Davis N.Kennedy, Bruce R.Rosen, and Kenneth K.Kwong. 2000. “Acupuncture modulates the limbic system and subcortical gray structures of the human brain: Evidence from fMRI studies in normal subjects.Human Brain Mapping 9:13–25.
Ionasescu, Victor V.1998. “X‐linked Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth Disease and connexin32.Cell Biology International 22 (11–12): 807–13.
Johari, Harish. 2000. Chakras: Energy Centers of Transformation. Rochester , Vt. : Destiny.
Kandler, Karl, and EddaThiels. 2005. “Flipping the switch from electrical to chemical communication.Nature Neuroscience 8 (12): 1633–34.
Kaptchuk, Ted J.2002. “Acupuncture: Theory, efficacy, and practice.Annals of Internal Medicine 136:374–83.
Khalsa, Dharma Singh, and CameronStauth. 2002. Meditation as Medicine: Activate the Power of Your Natural Healing Force. New York : Fireside.
Kirchhoff, Frank, RalfDringen, and ChristianGiaume. 2001. “Pathways of neuron‐astrocyte interactions and their possible role in neuroprotection.European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 251:159–69.
Kulesa, Paul, Debra L.Ellies, and Paul A.Trainor. 2004. “Comparative analysis of neural crest cell death, migration, and function during vertebrate embryogenesis.Developmental Dynamics 229:14–29.
Langevin, Helene M., David L.Churchill, and Marilyn J.Cipolla. 2001. “Mechanical signaling through connective tissue: A mechanism for the therapeutic effect of acupuncture.The FASEB Journal 15:2275–82.
Larsen, P. J., L. W.Enquist, and J. P.Card. 1998. “Characterization of the multisynaptic neuronal control of the rat pineal gland using viral transneuronal tracing.European Journal of Neuroscience 10:128–45.
Law, Lee Yong, Jun ShengLin, David L.Becker, and Colin R.Green. 2002. “Knockdown of connexin43‐mediated regulation of the zone of polarizing activity in the developing chick limb leads to digit truncation.Development and Growth Differentiation 44 (6): 537–47.
Lazar, Sara W., GeorgeBush, Randy L.Gollub, Gregory L.Fricchione, GurucharanKhalsa, and HerbertBenson. 2000. “Functional brain mapping of the relaxation response and meditation.Neuro Report 11 (7): 1581–85.
Leadbeater, Charles Webster. [1927] 1994. The Chakras. Wheaton , Ill. : The Theosophical Publishing House.
Le Douarin, Nicole M., and CháyaKalcheim. 1999. The Neural Crest, 2nd Ed. New York : Cambridge Univ. Press.
Leung, Doreen S. Y., KlausUnsicker, and BernhardReuss. 2002. “Expression and developmental regulation of gap junction connexins cx26, cx32, cx43, and cx45 in the rat midbrain‐floor.International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 20:63–75.
Levin, Michael, and MarkMercola. 1998. “Gap junctions are involved in the early generation of left‐right asymmetry.Developmental Biology 203:90–105.
Lo, Cecilia W.1996. “The role of gap junction membrane channels in development.Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes 28:337–83.
Long, Michael A., Michael J.Jutras, Barry W.Connors, and Rebecca D.Burwell. 2004. “Electrical synapses coordinate activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.Nature Neuroscience 8:61–66.
Makarenkova, H., D. L.Becker, C.Tickle, and A. E.Warner. 1997. “Fibroblast growth factor 4 directs gap junction expression in the mesenchyme of the vertebrate limb bud.The Journal of Cell Biology 138 (5): 1125–37.
Makowski, Lee, D. L. D.Caspar, W. C.Phillips, and D. A.Goodenough. 1977. “Gap junction structures II. Analysis of the X‐ray diffraction data.The Journal of Cell Biology 74:629–45.
Meda, Paolo. 2003. “Cx36 involvement in insulin secretion: Characteristics and mechanism.Cell Communication and Adhesion 10:431–35.
Menichella, Daniela M., Daniel A.Goodenough, ErichSirkowski, Steven S.Scherer, and David L.Paul. 2003. “Connexins are critical for normal myelination in the CNS.The Journal of Neuroscience 23 (13): 5963–73.
Montoro, Rafael J., and RafaelYuste. 2004. “Gap junctions in the developing neocortex: A review.Brain Research Reviews 47:216–26.
Motoyama, Hiroshi. 1981. Theories of the Chakras: Bridge to Higher Consciousness. Wheaton , Ill. : The Theosophical Publishing House.
Naus, Christian C. G.2002. “Gap junctions and tumor progression.Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 80 (2): 136–41.
Newberg, A. B., and J.Iversen. 2003. “The neural basis of the complex mental task of meditation: Neurotransmitter and neurochemical considerations.Medical Hypotheses 61 (2): 282–91.
Noden, Drew A., and Richard A.Schneider. 2006. “Neural crest cells and the community of plan for craniofacial development: Historical debates and current perspectives. ” In Neural Crest Induction and Differentiation, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Vol. 589, Ed. Jean‐PierreSaint‐Jeannet, 1–23. New York : Springer Science & Business Media.
Panksepp, Jaak. 1998. Affective Neuroscience: The Foundation of Human and Animal Emotions. New York : Oxford Univ. Press.
Perreau‐Lenz, Stephanie, AndriesKalsbeek, PaulPévet, and Ruud M.Buijs. 2004. “Glutamatergic clock output stimulates melatonin synthesis at night.European Journal of Neuroscience 19 (2): 318–24.
Prosser, Rebecca A., Dale M.Edgar, H.Craig Heller, and Joseph D.Miller. 1994. “A possible glial role in the mammalian circadian clock.Brain Research 643:296–301.
Raub, James A.2002. “Psychophysiologic effects of Hatha Yoga on musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary function: A literature review.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 8(6): 797–812.
Ross, F. M., P.Gwyn, D.Spanswick, and S. N.Davies. 2000. “Carbenoxolone depresses spontaneous epileptiform activity in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices.Neuroscience 100 (4): 789–96.
Røttingen, J. ‐A., and J. ‐G.Iversen. 2000. “Ruled by waves? Intracellular and intercellular calcium signalling.Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 169:203–19.
Rubenstein, John L. R., KenjiShimamura, SalvadorMartinez, and LuisPuelles. 1998. “Regionalization of the prosencephalic neural plate.Annual Review of Neuroscience 21:445–77.
Saint‐Amant, Louise, and PierreDrapeau. 2001. “Synchronization of an embryonic network of identified spinal interneurons by electrical coupling.Neuron 31 (6): 1035–46.
Santagati, Fabio, and Filippo M.Rijli. 2003. “Cranial neural crest and the building of the vertebrate head.Nature Reviews Neuroscience 4:806–18.
Sarang, Patil, and ShirleyTelles. 2006. “Effects of two yoga based relaxation techniques on heart rate variability (HRV).International Journal of Stress Management 13 (4): 460–75.
Saraswati, Swami Satyananda. [1969] 2008. Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha. Bihar , India : Yoga Publications Trust.
Sarkar, ShriiPrabhatRainjain. 1994. “Glands and Subglands. ” In Yoga Psychology, 2d ed., 121–26. Calcutta : Ánanda Márga.
Shang, Charles. 2001. “Emerging Paradigms in Mind‐Body Medicine.Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 7:83–91.
Shapiro, David. 2006. “Is the yoga world ready? An academic perspective.International Journal of Yoga Therapy 16:7–8.
Sherman, Karen. 2006. “Reflections on researching yoga.International Journal of Yoga Therapy 16:9–10.
Shi, Riyi, and Richard B.Borgens. 1995. “Three‐dimensional gradients of voltage during development of the nervous system as invisible coordinates for the establishment of embryonic pattern.Developmental Dynamics 202 (2): 101–14.
Söhl, Goran, StephanMaxeiner, and KlausWillecke. 2005. “Expression and functions of neuronal gap junctions.Nature Reviews Neuroscience 6:191–200.
Solomon, Irene C., Ki H.Chon, and Melissa N.Rodriguez. 2003. “Blockade of brain stem gap junctions increases phrenic burst frequency and reduces phrenic burst synchronization in adult rat.Journal of Neurophysiology 89:135–49.
Spicuzza, Lucia, AlessandraGabutti, CesarePorta, NicolaMontano, and LucianoBernardi. 2000. “Yoga and chemoreflex response to hypoxia and hypercapnia.The Lancet 356 (October 20): 1495–96.
Sutor, Bernd, and TimothyHagerty. 2005. “Involvement of gap junctions in the development of the neocortex.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1719 (1–2): 59–68.
Tang, Wenxue, YanpingZhang, QingChang, ShoabAhmad, IanDahlke, HongYi, PingChen, David L.Paul, and XiLin. 2006. “Connexin29 is highly expressed in cochlear Schwann cells, and it is required for the normal development and function of the auditory nerve of mice.The Journal of Neuroscience 26 (7): 1991–99.
Telles, S., R.Nagarathna, and H. R.Nagendra. 1994. “Breathing through a particular nostril can alter metabolism and autonomic activities.Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 38 (2): 133–37.
Tresch, Matthew C., and OleKiehn. 2000. “Motor coordination without action potentials in the mammalian spinal cord.Nature Neuroscience 3 (6): 593–99.
Vempati, R. P., and ShirleyTelles. 2002. “Yoga‐based guided relaxation reduces sympathetic activity judged from baseline levels.Psychological Reports 90 (2): 487–94.
Verheule, Sander, Marjan J. A.Van Kempen, Pascal H. J. A.Te Welscher, Brenda R.Kwak, and Habo J.Jongsma. 1997. “Characterization of gap junction channels in adult rabbit atrial and ventricular myocardium.Circulation Research 80:673–81.
Wenger, M. A., and B. K.Bagchi. 1961. “Studies of autonomic functions in practitioners of Yoga in India.Behavioral Science 6 (October): 312–23.
Xu, X., W. E. I.Li, G. Y.Huang, R.Meyer, T.Chen, Y.Luo, M. P.Thomas, G. L.Radice, and C. W.Lo. 2001. “Modulation of mouse neural crest cell motility by N‐cadherin and connexin 43 gap junctions.The Journal of Cell Biology 154:217–29.