Notes

  1. . Alexander Pope, An Essay on Man, in Pope: Poetical Works, ed. Herbert Davis (London: Oxford University Press, 1966), epistle 2, line 1, p. 250
  2. . For a presentation and critique of Barr's position, see J. MaxwellMiller, “In the ‘Image’ and ‘Likeness’ of God,” Journal of Biblical Literature  91(1972):297–98.
  3. . Ibid., p. 292.
  4. . Gerhard von Rad, Genesis (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1961), p. 58.
  5. . Miller, p. 296.
  6. . von Rad, p. 57.
  7. . Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics, trans. J. W. Edwards, O. Bussey, and Harold Knight (Naperville, 111.: Alec R. Allenson, Inc., 1958), 3 (1): 182–206. For a critical discussion of' Barth's views, see below after the section “The Image of God and Humanization.”
  8. . Charles Hartshorne, “The Development of Process Philosophy,” in Process Theology, ed. Ewert H. Cousins (New York: Newman Press, 1971), pp. 47–66.
  9. . HarlowShapley, “Cosmic Evolution,” Zygon  1 (1968):275–85; and Ralph Wendell Burhoe, “Natural Selection and God,” Zygon 7(1972):30–63.
  10. . E.g., James McCosh, The Religious Aspect of Evolution (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1890), p. 7.
  11. . Burhoe, p. 44. B. F. Skinner also hints at this when he writes, “Man himself may be controlled by his environment, but it is an environment which is almost wholly of his own making” (Beyond Freedom and Dignity [New York: Bantam/Vintage Books, 1972], p. 196).
  12. . Alfred E.Emerson, “Dynamic Homeostasis: A Unifying Principle in Organic, Social, and Ethical Evolution,” Zygon  3(1969):142.
  13. . J. L.Kavanau, “Behavior of Captive White‐footed Mice,” Science  155(1967):1628, as quoted in Van R. Potter, Bioethics: Bridge to the Future (Englewood Cliffs, N J.: Prentice‐Hall, Inc., 1971), p. 97.
  14. . J.Bronowski, “New Concepts in the Evolution of Complexity: Stratified Stability and Unbounded Plans,” Zygon  5(1970):24.
  15. . Burhoe (n. 9 above), p. 34.
  16. . Emerson, p. 150.
  17. . The following discussion is my own presentation based on the work of Bronowski, Burhoe, and Emerson that has already been cited, and Herbert A. Simon, “The Architecture of Complexity,” in The Sciences of the Artificial (Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1969), pp. 84–118.
  18. . Isaac Asimov, The Universe: From Flat Earth to Quasar (New York: Avon Books, 1966), pp. 161–83.
  19. . Donald W.Taylor, Paul C.Berry, and Clifford H.Block, “Does Group Participation When Using Brainstorming Facilitate or Inhibit Creative ThinkingAdministrative Science Quarterly  3(1958):23–47.
  20. . Emerson (n. 12 above), pp. 133–39; and Burhoe (n. 9 above), pp. 44, 58.
  21. . Albert Einstein, Relativity: The Special and General Theory (New York: Henry Holt, 1920).
  22. . William J. J. Gordon, Synectics: The Development of Creative Capacity (London: Collier‐Macmillan, Ltd., 1968), pp. 34–56.
  23. . Simon (n. 17 above), p. 105; and Bronowski (n. 14 above), pp. 30–31.
  24. . Skinner (n. 11 above), pp. 136–37.
  25. . Cf. Burhoe (n. 9 above), pp. 48, 50–51.
  26. . Asimov (n. 18 above), p. 302.
  27. . This formal definition of “God” is based on Frederick Ferre's definition of “religion” as “the conscious desiring of whatever (if anything) is considered to be both inclusive in its bearing on one's life and primary in its importance” (Basic Modern Philosophy of Religion [New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1967], p. 69). It is also consistent with Henry Nelson Wieman's formal criteria for the object of religious commitment, that it he both “metaphysically ultimate” and “valuationally (axiologically) ultimate” (Man's Ultimate Commitment [Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1958], p. 92).
  28. . Ann Belford Ulanov, The Feminine in Jungian Psychology and Christian Theology (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1971), pp. 154–57.
  29. . For the rest of the essay I shall use the terms “feminine” and “masculine” rather than the terms “women” and “men” or “female” and “male” as a constant reminder that the feminine and masculine, and all that each involves, are to be considered as two aspects of a dynamic unity within every man and woman.
  30. . Cf. Winston King, Introduction to Religion (New York: Harper & Row, 1968), pp. 190, 198, 273; and Wing‐tsit Chan, “The Story of Chinese Philosophy,” in The Chinese Mind, ed. Charles A. Moore (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1967), pp. 50–52, 57–62.
  31. . King, p. 321.
  32. . Ninian Smart, The Religious Experience of Mankind (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1969), pp. 118–20.
  33. . Sri Aurohindo, The Life Divine (New York: Greystone Press, 1949), p. 74.
  34. . Mircea Eliade, From Primitives to Zen (New York: Harper & Row, 1967), pp. 97–109.
  35. . Mircea Eliade, Cosmos and History (New York: Harper & Bros., 1959), p. 57.
  36. . Ibid. p. 58.
  37. . Miller (n. 2 above), pp. 290–91.
  38. . von Rad (n. 4 above), p. 46.
  39. . Nahum M. Sarna, Understanding Genesis (New York: McGraw‐Hill Book Go., 1966), pp. 3–4, 9–10, 12–13, 22–23.
  40. . Potter (n. 13 above), pp. 83–100.
  41. . Barth (n. 7 above), p. 192.
  42. . Ibid., p. 186.
  43. . Lisa A. Richette, “A Special Savor of Nobility: Confronting the Dehumanization in Children's Justice,” this issue.
  44. . Cf. Paul Tillich's formulation of the “protestant principle,” which is “the divine and human protest against any absolute claim made for a relative reality …” (“The Protestant Principle and the Proletarian Situation,” in The Protestant Era, abridged ed. [Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957], p. 163).
  45. . Elisabeth Kübler‐Ross, “Humanizing Terminal Care” (Twentieth Summer Conference, Institute on Religion in an Age of Science, Star Island, New Hampshire, July 28–August 4, 1973).
  46. . Solomon H. Katz, “The Dehumanization and Rehumanization of Science and Society,” this issue.
  47. . Alfred E. Emerson and Ralph Wendell Burhoe, “Evolutionary Aspects of Freedom, Death, and Dignity,” this issue.
  48. . John Platt, “The First World Century: Optimizing Man on Earth” (Twentieth Summer Conference, Institute on Religion in an Age of Science, Star Island, New Hampshire, July 28–August 4, 1973).