Update on Spiritual Experience: Scientific, Philosophical, and Theological Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John Calvin Chatlos	949
Consilience in Developing a Multidisciplinary Framework of Spirituality: Scientific Commentary on Chatlos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael James Winkelman	982
Toward a Unified Science of Spiritual Experience—Visionary Realism and the Ontology of Interiority: Philosophical Commentary on Chatlos’s Framework of Spirituality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nicholas Hedlund	996
Healing the Rift Between Theology and Spirituality: Theological Commentary on Chatlos’s Framework of Spirituality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fraser Watts	1013

IRAS AT THE PARLIAMENT OF THE WORLD’S RELIGIONS

Teilhard’s Synthesis as Impetus for Greater Care for Our Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kathleen Duffy	1025
Temporal Creatures Tending the Planet: Theology and Biology in Earth Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carolyn J. Love	1038
Nature’s Scripture: The Interfaith Promise of Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JD Stillwater	1057
Empowering Diverse Faith Communities through Engagement in Participatory Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grace A. Wolf-Chase, Katharine E. Hinman, and Laura Trouille	1070
Science for Seminaries: Measuring the Impact of Equipping Future Religious Leaders to Engage with Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Katharine E. Hinman, John P. Slattery, Curtis Baxter, and Jennifer J. Wiseman	1087

VAN LEEUWEN’S RELIGION AS MAKE-BELIEVE

Religious Credences as Hinges: A Commentary on Van Leeuwen’s Religion as Make-Believe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alberto Cavallarin and Hans Van Eyghen	1106
The Complex Relationships between Different Beliefs: A Commentary on Van Leeuwen’s Religion as Make-Believe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lluis Oviedo	1118
A Failed Reactivation of Enlightenment Criticism of Religion by Van Leeuwen: Content, Not Cognitive Attitude, Makes the Difference between Factual Beliefs and Religious Credence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Konrad Szocik	1130
Capturing Cognitive Flexibility: Responses to Cavallarin and Van Eyghen, Oviedo, and Szocik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neil Van Leeuwen	1140

Is Religion Natural? Boyle Lecture 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . David Fergusson	1154
Is Religion Natural? Response to David Fergusson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiona Ellis	1172
Should Theologians Answer the Question “Is Religion Natural?”: Panel Contribution on the 2024 Boyle Lecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Joanna Leidenhag	1177
What Is Natural: Religion, Nonreligion, or Theology? Panel Contribution on the 2024 Boyle Lecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Russell Re Manning	1182